The 29th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP29), held in Baku, Azerbaijan, wasn’t just another meeting of world leaders—it was a moment to decide whether global promises on climate action would translate into real change. Against the backdrop of towering mountains, melting glaciers, and drying rivers, Central Asia stepped forward with ambitious ideas and plans to address its climate challenges. For a region often overlooked, COP29 provided a moment to showcase not just its vulnerabilities but its potential to lead in the fight against climate change.
Central Asia’s Climate Reality
In Central Asia, climate change isn’t an abstract concept—it’s a daily reality. Rising temperatures, faster here than the global average, are transforming the region’s landscape. Glaciers that feed its rivers are melting at unprecedented rates, threatening the water supply for millions. Droughts and land degradation are intensifying, leaving large swathes of agricultural land unusable. In Tajikistan alone, nearly one-third of the country’s farmland is in critical condition. These environmental crises are not just ecological—they are social, driving rural communities to abandon their homes and crowd into already struggling cities.
The region contributes less than 1% to global greenhouse gas emissions, yet it bears a disproportionate burden of the consequences. Central Asia’s struggle is a reminder that climate change is not just a global problem but an unequal one.
What Central Asia Brought to COP29
At COP29, Central Asian nations sought to redefine their role in global climate discussions. Kazakhstan took the lead, committing to reduce emissions by 15% by 2030 and pledging carbon neutrality by 2060. These targets are backed by significant renewable energy projects, including plans to expand solar and wind capacity. The country also announced its intention to host a Regional Climate Summit in 2026, a move to deepen collaboration across borders.
Kyrgyzstan focused on its mountains, which are both a lifeline and a vulnerability, focused its efforts on addressing the vulnerabilities of its mountainous regions. The country launched a ten-year initiative to develop sustainable mountain communities, improve water management, and invest in resource-saving technologies. Tajikistan, meanwhile, showcased its Climate Finance Plan, a blueprint for attracting international funds for renewable energy and sustainable practices. These efforts represent a significant shift from reactive to proactive strategies, but the region’s challenges are far from over.
Turkmenistan joined the conversation with an idea to establish a Climate Technology Center in Ashgabat. Such a hub could help countries across Central Asia share resources and strategies to combat climate threats. Yet, as bold as these initiatives are, they also indicate the region’s reliance on international support to turn ambition into action.
A Youth Perspective
For young climate activists like Kamilla Mirdadoeva from Tajikistan, COP29 was a unique opportunity to stand shoulder-to-shoulder with global leaders. Kamilla’s journey into environmental advocacy began with a simple but profound message: protecting nature is essential for future generations. At COP29, she represented Tajikistan and joined discussions often led by experienced policymakers, bringing a fresh voice to the conversation.
“Being at COP29 was both exciting and overwhelming,” Kamilla said. “But it showed me how important creativity is when tackling problems. People care deeply about these issues; they just need chances to share their ideas.” She highlighted the lack of platforms in Central Asia that truly engage young people, calling for programs that speak to their realities and inspire action. Her belief is simple but strong: the youth in the region are ready to lead, but they need support to make their voices heard and their ideas count.
What Needs to Change?
Despite the energy and ambition on display at COP29, Central Asia faces daunting obstacles. Money is a major issue. The region needs $38 billion every year to fund its climate projects but struggles to access international financing. Complex application processes and high project costs make it difficult for countries to secure the funds they need.
Moreover, the region’s dependence on fossil fuels presents a dilemma. While countries like Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan are making strides in renewable energy, the transition away from oil and gas is slow and fraught with economic implications. To break free from this dependency, Central Asia must use its abundant natural resources to build a cleaner and more sustainable future.
At the same time, the region also faces a cultural and educational gap in promoting climate awareness. Public engagement remains limited, and many young people feel disconnected from national climate policies. This is where regional cooperation and innovative education programs can make a difference.
How to Advance Climate Activism in Central Asia?
The path forward for Central Asia lies in its ability to turn challenges into opportunities. Regional collaboration is key. Initiatives like the Central Asia Climate Change Conference (CACCC) provide a platform for countries to align their policies and share resources.
Empowering young people is equally critical. As Kamilla pointed out, creating spaces for youth participation can bring fresh ideas and solutions. Schools and universities should integrate climate education into their curricula, while governments and NGOs can establish mentorship programs to guide aspiring activists.
Finally, Central Asia must think creatively about its resources. The region has enormous potential for solar, wind, and hydropower.
Conclusion
COP29 highlighted both the promise and the challenges of Central Asia’s climate journey. The region’s leaders presented bold ideas, but the real work lies ahead. Its natural resources, its people, and its growing determination to act are powerful tools.Turning plans into action will require courage, innovation, and a willingness to take risks. As the region faces the realities of a warming world, the question is no longer whether it will act but how far it is willing to go.
